Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers and primarily affects postmenopausal women. It usually develops when cells in the endometrial lining grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Here’s what you need to know about endometrial cancer:
Causes and Risk Factors:
The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not fully understood, but certain factors may increase the risk of its development:
Hormonal Imbalances: An excess of estrogen in relation to progesterone can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Age: The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring after menopause.
Obesity: Excess body weight can lead to higher levels of estrogen, contributing to the risk of endometrial cancer.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Long-term use of estrogen without progestin in postmenopausal women can increase the risk.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS can raise the risk.
Diabetes: Women with diabetes may have a higher risk due to insulin resistance and hormonal changes.
Lynch Syndrome: This inherited genetic condition increases the risk of various cancers, including endometrial cancer.
Symptoms Of Endometrial Cancer:
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Common symptoms may include:
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Postmenopausal bleeding or irregular bleeding between periods is a key symptom.
Pelvic Pain: Persistent pelvic pain, discomfort, or pressure may occur.
Painful Urination: Some women experience pain or discomfort during urination.
Unintended Weight Loss: Significant weight loss without a known cause can be a symptom.
Diagnosis and Staging:
Biopsy: A biopsy of the endometrial tissue is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
Imaging Tests: Imaging, such as transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans, helps determine the extent of cancer and if it has spread.
Staging: Staging helps classify the extent of cancer spread and guides treatment decisions. Endometrial cancer is typically staged from I to IV, with sub-stages.
Treatment For Endometrial Cancer:
Treatment depends on factors like stage, type, grade, and the patient’s overall health:
Surgery: Most cases are treated with surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) and often the surrounding tissues (salpingo-oophorectomy).
Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target cancer cells, particularly if they are localized or after surgery.
Chemotherapy: Drugs that kill or control cancer cells may be used, especially for more advanced cases.
Hormone Therapy: Hormonal treatments can block estrogen’s effects on cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy: Some cancers respond to specific targeted drugs that inhibit certain cellular pathways.
Clinical Trials: Participating in clinical trials may provide access to innovative treatments.
Early diagnosis and proper treatment offer the best outcomes for all cancers. If you experience symptoms or have risk factors, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Regular gynecological check-ups and screenings are important for early detection and effective management of gynecological cancers.
